Vitamin absorbtion

Vitamins are very important helpers for human being survival . Vitamins are absorbed in small intestines. The two types of vitamins : first water-soluble vitamins (all the B vitamins and vitamin C) and second fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, and K).
Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and fatty tissue of the body. Water-soluble vitamins are not easily stored and excess amounts go away from body in urine.

small intestine - another organ of digestion system

More than 6 meters of small intestine 

The small intestine is a long tube with a diameter or contour between 3.5 and 5 centimeters, which retreated on himself inside yourself, below the stomach. If you extend your computer's small intestine, measured about 6.7 meters long - as 22 notebooks lined one after another! 

The small intestine plays an important role in breaking down the mix of food from the stomach even more, so your body can absorb all the nutrients it contains vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates and fats. The roast chicken contains many proteins - and a little fat - and the small intestine will help you absorb them, as long as their friends - the pancreas, liver and gall bladder - you throw a hand. 

The bodies just mentioned various juices to send the first portion of the small intestine. These juices help to digest food and allow the body to absorb the nutrients they contain. The pancreas produces some juices that help the body to digest fats and proteins. Which secretes a juice called bile, the liver helps to absorb fats in the bloodstream. And the gallbladder is like a store bile, which stores this juice to your body when you need it. 

The foods you eat can stay for up to 4 hours in your small intestine until it becomes a liquid mixture and watery. It is a time well spent, because at the end of the trip, nutrients from the pizza, chicken, oranges and milk may move from the intestine into the blood. Once in the blood, your body will be much closer to harness the complex carbohydrates in the body of the pizza, the vitamin C of oranges, chicken protein and calcium from milk.

esophagus tube

The esophagus is an elastic tube, which measures about 25 centimeters long. Leads the food from the back of the throat to the stomach. But in the back of the throat is also the trachea, which allows air to enter and exit your body. When you swallow a ball of food and crushed or softened some liquid, a barb of a special fabric called epiglottis closes the opening in the trachea to ensure that the food enters the esophagus, rather than the trachea. 

If you've ever drunk a little too fast, you've started coughing and someone said that the drink "you'll be gone by the other side", which meant that person is the liquid you had come into the trachea by mistake . This happens when the epiglottis does not give you time to close, and you'll be coughing involuntarily (without thinking about it) to clear the trachea.

Digestive System in Mammals

General anatomy of digestive system
Ozofagus;1/3 is striated muscle, 2/3 is smooth muscle.
Small intestine; duodenum, jejenum, ileum.
The end of ileum is appendix (Secum in horse) in human.
Large intestine; colon, rectum, anusThe structure of digestive tract
Muscularis mucosa
Mucus layer
Submucosa
Plexus myentericus
In the large intestine, longitiudinal muscles concentrated as longitiuidinal line called tenia coli.
Concentrated circular muscle in large intestine produce haustra formation.
The length of digestive tract depends on type of food ingested by animals.
Longest in herbivours, shorter in carnivoursIngesting of food
Hunger drive is controlled by hypothalamus
Glucostatic theory of hunger suggests that an increase in blood glucose level increases the activity of the satiety center and decreases the activity of hunger center.
Low blood glucose has the opposite effects.
Aminoacid levels and lipid levels have also been suggested to influence hunger and satiety.
The hepatostatic theory of hunger control argues for a role of liver as an important sensor and modulator of the body energy stores. Distension of the stomach and small intestine, stretching of the abdominal wall, the hormone cholecystokinin and the mechanical activity of chewing and swallowing all inhibit the hunger center.
Swallowing (deglutation); primer and seconder peristaltic movements along the osophagus
Osophagal sphincter
Stomach; Contraction is more stronger in antrum than fundus
Cardiac and pyloric sphincter
Small intestine; peristalsis, segmentation and penduler contractionLarge intestine;Segmentation, Mass movement and antiperistalsis.
Anal sphincter; internal and external.
Defecation.

GENERAL FEATURES OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT

-A. Components: The digestive tract is a series of organs forming a long muscular tube whose continuous lumen opens to the exterior at both ends. The organs include the oral cavity, oral pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), large intestine (cecum and appendix; ascending, transverse, and descending colon), rectum, and anal canal.
-B. General Structural Features: The walls of each organ consist of 4 concentric layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa or adventitia
-1. Mucosa, This layer borders the lumen and has 3 parts. The epithelium (mucous membrane) derives from endoderm. It is stratified squamous in the oral cavity, oral pharynx, esophagus, and anal canal; it is simple columnar in the stomach, intestines, and rectum. The lamina propria is a layer of loose connective tissue beneath the endothelium; it contains small blood and lymphatic vessels. The muscularis mucosae is a thin layer of smooth muscle bordering the submucosa.
2. Submucosa, This dense, irregular connective tissue layer contains blood and lymphatic vessels and the submucosal (Meissner's) plexus of nerves. Some organs are characterized by glands and lymphoid nodules in this layer.
3. Muscularis externa, This consists of 2 layers of smooth muscle--an inner circular and an outer longitudinal-through most of the tract. Between them lies the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus. The muscle around the oral cavity is skeletal; where it is absent leg, hard palate, gingiva) the submucosa binds tightly to bone. In the upper esophagus, this layer contains mainly skeletal muscle, which is replaced by smooth muscle in the lower portion. The stomach's muscularis externa has 3 layers: outer longitudinal, middle circular, and inner oblique. The colon's outer longitudinal layer is gathered into 3 bands, the taeniae coli. The smooth and skeletal muscles encircling the anal canal form involuntary and voluntary sphincters, respectively.
4. Serosa and adventitia. The tract's outer covering differs by location. The esophagus and rectum are surrounded and held in place by a connective tissue adventitia like that around blood vessels. Intraperitoneal organs (stomach, jejunum, ileum, transverse and sigmoid colon) are suspended by mesenteries and covered by a serosa composed of a thin layer of loose connective tissue covered by simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium). Retro peritoneal organs (duodenum, ascending and descending colon) are bound to the posterior abdominal wall by adventitia and covered on their free (anterior) surfaces by serosa.