Chemical Digestion in the small intestine video

Chemical digestion in the small intestine, video course for free, online chemical digestion and small intestine, then large intestine digestion and absorbing water process.

The Slow Food Movement’s Health Impact

The slow food movement is said to have originated with Italian Carlo Perrini, in part through his indignation at a McDonald’s opening in the vicinity of the Spanish Steps in Rome. From Perrrinis’ frustration with the intrusion of the American fast-food style of dining a worldwide movement has emerged. The hallmark of slow food is, as its name implies, taking the time to savor and enjoy a meal at a leisurely pace. Other elements of the slow food diet include buying and eating locally produced food, eating organic food and cooking home meals based on traditional recipes.

The slow food movement has certainly caught on, due in part to people being tired of the fast-food dining style and also out of a passion to eat healthier food. But does the slow food movement make for better health? The general outlook of the slow food movement on changing the eating habits of people does seem to assure that eating meals the slow food way will have a positive impact on your life. One major health benefit of the slow food is eating your meals slowly. Most research on the topic indicates that eating at an unhurried pace will help you promote a calm that in turn helps aid digestion.

Another health benefit of the slow food movement is its interest in getting people to buy locally grown fresh foods with minimal packaging and processing. Again, these are all ways of approaching eating that contribute to a more healthy lifestyle by reduced the amount of fat, preservatives and other chemical additives in your food. In addition, the slow food movement encourages people to buy organic produce as much as possible, thereby greatly reducing or eliminating the amount of pesticides in your diet. It seems clear that the slow food movement is designed to make you eat healthier and live a healthier lifestyle. by digestive phsiology

what is digestion ?

what is Digestion? if you want to know the answer keep reading please. it is breaking down food into simpler forms is called digestion. Digestion is both mechanical and chemical process and in mechanical digestion, food is physically broken down into smaller particles by processes such as chewing.

Protein digestion

Protein is very critical biological components of life. I mean we are all of us need proteins to maintain our daily body systems. Foods such as meat, eggs, milk, cheese, beans contains lots of molecules of protein. we will use proteins to repair our body. An enzyme in the juice of the stomach starts the digestion of swallowed protein. Then in the small intestine, several enzymes from the pancreatic juice and the lining of the intestine complete the breakdown of huge protein molecules into small molecules called amino acids. These small molecules can be absorbed through the small intestine into the blood and then be carried to all parts of the body.

Why is digestion important?

So you can ask why is digestion is very important. Let me explaing : when you eat some foods—such as bread, meat, fruits, pizza etc. The body cant use them as in this form. It must be suitable for body cells. Food and drink must be changed into smaller molecules of nutrients before they can be absorbed into the blood and carried to cells throughout the body. So this mean that we need digestion process. Digestion is the process by which food and drink are broken down into their smallest parts so the body can use them to build and nourish cells and to provide energy.

esophagus tube

The esophagus is an elastic tube, which measures about 25 centimeters long. Leads the food from the back of the throat to the stomach. But in the back of the throat is also the trachea, which allows air to enter and exit your body. When you swallow a ball of food and crushed or softened some liquid, a barb of a special fabric called epiglottis closes the opening in the trachea to ensure that the food enters the esophagus, rather than the trachea. 

If you've ever drunk a little too fast, you've started coughing and someone said that the drink "you'll be gone by the other side", which meant that person is the liquid you had come into the trachea by mistake . This happens when the epiglottis does not give you time to close, and you'll be coughing involuntarily (without thinking about it) to clear the trachea.

your digestive system

Your digestive system began working even before they drive the tooth to the pizza. And will continue to busy digesting your food freshly chewed over the next few hours - or sometimes days, depending on what you've eaten. This process, called digestion, allows your body get the nutrients and energy it needs from your diet. Now let's find out what's happening with your pizza, your chicken, your orange and your milk.

Functions of the digestive tract

C. General Functional Features: The main functions of the digestive tract are the absorption of nutrients and water and the excretion of wastes and toxins.

1. Digestion. Enzymatic degradation of foods is a prerequisite for absorption; enzymes act mainly at food surfaces. Chewing exposes more surface area. Lip, cheek, and tongue muscles help position food between the teeth. Saliva dissolves water-soluble particles and contains enzymes that attack carbohydrates. Taste buds check for contaminants toxins, and nutrients. The tongue moves chewed food back into the oral pharynx and closes the epiglottis to protect the airway. The esophagus adds mucus to reduce friction, but mainly moves material to the stomach. Glands in the stomach wall add acid (HCI), a protease (pepsin), and mucus to the mixture (now called chyme). Smooth muscles in the stomach wall mix and pulverize the chyme and move it to the small intestine (duodenum), where pancreatic enzymes and bile are added. The enzymes hydrolyze nutrients to an absorbable form. The detergent action of bile disperses water-insoluble lipid into tiny droplets, increasing the surface area available to pancreatic lipases. The lining epithelial cells (enterocytes) of the small intestine have additional enzymes on their luminal surfaces to complete the hydrolysis of certain nutrients.

2. Absorption. This primary function of the digestive tract occurs mainly in the intestines: the small intestines absorb nutrients, and the large intestines absorb water. To maximize the absorptive surface, the small intestine's lining has multiple permanent folds including plicae circulares and villi. Intestines are lined by absorptive cells (enterocytes) whose apical microvilli further increase the surface area. These cells absorb and transfer amino acids and sugars to capillaries in the lamina propria, whose blood carries them to the liver for further process ing. Enterocytes assemble chylomicrons from absorbed lipids and transfer them to lymphatic capillaries (lacteals) in the lamina propria. From here, lipids reach the blood through the lymphatic vascular system.

3. Excretion. Metabolic wastes are excreted by the liver as bile and emptied into the duodenal lumen by the bile duct. Smooth muscles in the walls of the small intestine move undigested material and waste products to the large intestine (colon). Here, more mucus is added and most of the water is extracted. This concentrates and solidifies the intestinal contents, forming feces. This material is further dehydrated and stored in the rectum and finally expelled through the anal canal.

4. Endocrine function. Individual cells with characteristics of the diffuse neuroendocrine system are scattered among the epithelial cells lining the tract's mucosal glands and crypts. These enteroendocrine cells were formerly called argentaffin, ar gyrophilic, and enterochromaffin cells because of their affinity for stains containing silver and chromium. They secrete hormones and amines leg, serotonin, secretin, gastrin, somatostatin, cholecystokinin, glucagon) that regulate such local gastrointestinal functions as gut motility and the secretion of acid, enzymes, and hormones by other cell types. 5. Innervation. Distributed along and in the walls of the tract are the myenteric (Auerbach's) and submucosal (Meissner's) autonomic nerve plexuses. These include postsynaptic sympathetic fibers, pre- and postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers, parasympathetic ganglion cell bodies, and some visceral sensory fibers. After voluntary swallowing, these autonomic plexuses coordinate peristaisis-wavelike contractions of the muscularis externa that propel ingested material through the tract. They also control the independent activity of the muscularis mucosa, which maintains contact between the mucosa and the contents of the tract and help empty mucosal glands. These plexuses also modulate the secretory activity of certain DNES-like cells. In general, sympathetic action inhibits gut motility and parasympathetic action has the opposite effect. 6. Blood supply. Mesenteric branches of the abdominal aorta branch further in the mesenteries to form a series of arcades. Small arteries penetrate the tract walls to feed capillaries of the lamina propria. Amino acids, sugars, small fatty acids, and any toxins absorbed in the intestine thus travel directly to the liver to be metabolized, stored, or detoxified before reaching the general circulation. 7. Protection. The extensive absorptive surface of the digestive tract increases the risk of infection. The risk is reduced by immunoreactive cells--including IgA-secreting plasma cells--in the lamina propria and submucosa. Other defenses include lysozyme secreted by Paneth's cells, digestive enzymes in the lumen, the layer of mucus covering the epithelium, and the tight junctions between absorptive cells. Toxic substances that do reach the blood are carried directly to the liver for detoxification in the SER of the hepatocytes.