Salivary enzyme: Begins carbohydrates digestion by breaking down
starch and glycogen to disaccharides
Gastric enzymes: Pepsin , from Gastric glands – Begins protein
digestion . Lipase, from Gastric glands – Begins fat digestion .
Pancreatic enzymes: Amylase , from pancreas – breaks down starch
and glycogen into disaccharides. Lipase, from pancreas – breaks down
fats into fatty acids and glycerol .
Proteolytic enzymes : Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, and Carboxypeptidase from pancreas
breaks down peptides into amino acids . Nucleases, from pancreasbreaks
down nucleic acids into nucleotides.
Intestinal Enzymes: Peptidase, from mucosal cells, breaks down
peptides into amino acids. Sucrase, maltase, and lactase , from
mucosal cells, breaks down disaccharides into monosaccharides.
Lipase, from mucosal cells, breaks down fats into fatty acid and
glycerol. Enterokinase , from mucosal cells, (breaks down) converts
trypsinogen into trypsin
Major Digestive Enzyme
Small Intestine
- The mammalian small intestine is highly specialized for digestion and especially absorbtion
- Villi and microvilli increase absorbtive surface of small intestine
- Each villus contains a lacteal which is a terminal brach of the lymphatic system and is a terminal brach of the lymphatic system and is an important route for reabsorbtion of lipids and water.
- The surface of microvilli is covered with a meshwork of mucopolyaccharide and glycoprotein filaments, the glycocalyx
- This surface coat is extremely resistant to proteolytic and mucolytic agents, hence forms a protective surface.
- Many of important digestive enymes are absorbed into the glycocalyx meshwork, pancreatic amylase, disaccharases and dipeptidases.
- There are four basit mechanism for uptake of nutriends from the gut lumen and glycocalyx layer cytoplasm of the epithelial cells.
- Passive diffusion, Faciliated diffusion, Active transport, Pinocytosis
Digestive System for children
Digestive system educations video for childrens, Human Body education for Kids and How Body Work.
Chemical Digestion in the small intestine video
Chemical digestion in the small intestine, video course for free, online chemical digestion and small intestine, then large intestine digestion and absorbing water process.
absorbtion
There are four essential aspects to absorbtion:
1) physical movement of the nutrient molecules from gut lumen to the wall of the gut tube.
2) maximizing the area of the epithelial cells across which absorbtion can occur.
3) mechanism for transport of the nutrient molecule across the cell membrane into the epithelial cell cytoplasm.
4) transport of the nutrient molecule out of the epitheali cell into the extracellular body fluids. The mammalian small intestine is highly specialized for digestion and especially absorbtion . The mammalian small intestine is higly specialized for digestion and especially aabsorbtion.
Villi and microvilli increases absorbtive surface of small intestine. Each villus containt of lacteal, which is a terminal branch of the lymphatic system and is a terminal branch of the lymphatic system and is an important route for reabsorbtion of lipids and water. The surface of microvilli is covered with a meshwork of mucopolysaccharide and glycoprotein filaments, the glycocalyx.
This surface coat is extremely resistant to proteolytic and mucolytic agents, hence forms a protective surface.
glucostatic
Hunger drive is controlled by hypothalamus. Glucostatic thery of hunger suggests that an increase in blood glucose level increases the activity of the safety center and decreases the activity of hunger center. Low blood glucose has the opposite effects. Aminoacid levels and lipid levels have also been suggested to influence hunger and satiety. The hepotostatic theory of hunger control argues for a role of liver as an important sensor and modulator of the body energy stores. digestion